EURO-ECO 2011Hanover21 - 22 November 2011 |
Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living |
European Academy of Natural Sciences, HanoverEuropean Scientific Society, HanoverUniversity of Bremen, Bremen |
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| V.V. Stankevych N.M. Koval |
ECOLOGICAL-AND-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF SOIL PROTECTION PROBLEMS |
| O.M.Marzeiev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kiev, Ukraine |
During a long period of time a proper attention was not paid to the fulfillment of the hygienic standardization of the content of the contaminants in soils.
At present there are the most severe standard requirements to the agricultural soils because in case of the over standard contamination they become the powerful sources of the intake of dangerous substances into the plants and later through the food chains to a human and an animal. That’s why the present elaborated standards for chemical contaminants in a soil regard only the agricultural lands.
Though, a soil, as a depot of the accumulation of chemical ingredients and products of their transformation which can affect directly and indirectly both health, conditions of the population residence and natural environments adjoining to it, should be considered as the most significant component that needs a wider investigation and study.
Sanitary soil state at the territories of the inhabited localities of Ukraine of non-agricultural purpose largely complies with the environmental state of a definite place and depends upon the levels of anthropogenic-and-technogenic load of negative factors and therefore cannot be assessed by such severe criteria for the soil for the growing of the agricultural crop existing today.
Accumulation of the contaminants in soils largely depends not only upon the sources of the emissions of these substances but upon such soil indices as a content of organic substance, capacity of cation exchange, pH value, granulometric content, and also upon natural conditions of localities etc.
In this connection standardization of the contaminants in the soils of urban localities needs the new approaches taking into account physical-and-chemical properties of soils (content of organic substance, capacity of cation change, pH value, granulometric content etc.) for the creation of the safe conditions for vital functions and maintenance of the quality of the environment by means of the determination of soil categories. It will allow to use more rationally existing free territories and releasing territories of sanitary-and-protective zones for industrial or civic building, creation of park zones, children’s playgrounds etc.
We have determined that under modern conditions heavy metal salts, oil products, biological factor (geohelminth eggs) are the prior soil contaminants.
One of the most morbid problems for Ukraine, where there are about two-thirds of the world fund of black earth, is a decrease of the fertility of agricultural soils. It stipulates by a loss of the humus component in a soil composition. For the recovery of this important soil function it is necessary to fill up the content of the organic component. One of the possible way for the solution of the problem is a use of both organic manures of a sludge, especially of large cities, where the largest number of the population is accumulated, and also organic waste (manure, excrement etc.) of the large cattle-breeding enterprises and the poultry farms which are being developed very actively in Ukraine.
All mentioned above testifies about the necessity of the revision of the standard indices for the content of the contaminants in soils at the territory of the urban inhabited localities because under modern conditions it is impossible to maintain the established standards for agricultural soils.
