EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Rapid growth in well-being of people leads to increasing of solid domestic waste (SDW). It poses some problems with SDW treatment. Systematic approach to environmental quality control gives key role to application of innovative techniques and technologies for environment protection. It is the direction that should be moved in to provide ecological development of society. Industrial innovative technologies are to be supported by economical instruments to integrate ecological factor into economic development.

Total annual output of SDW is about 15 mln. m³ or 2 m³ for a habitant in Kazakhstan. In developed countries this number is 0,3-0,6 m³.

In the republic some joint pilot projects have been launched to solve the waste problem. Some projects already have or will have feasibility studies.

The main way of waste treatment in the republic is to landfill and to dump without dividing into components. In towns SDW is stored at landfills but in rural it is dumped at waste sites spontaneously. Only 5% of republic SDW is composted or burned.

East-Kazakhstan Oblast (EKO) is a large industrial region in Kazakhstan with its center in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Nowadays EKO produces about 400 tons of SDW per year. Total waste production in EKO is the following: towns – 70% of annual waste production; district centers – 20%; townships – 6%; villages – 4%; 69% of total town waste production is produced by Ust-Kamenogorsk.

Selective sorting of SDW is only applied spontaneously at large dumps and landfills and not all SDW is sorted. SDW is only sorted into the following components: rubber, leather, leatherette, wood to be burnt; plastic and polyethylene items are used to be recycled into tare and containers or as an astringent to different products (bricks, tiles etc.) by entrepreneurs. Sorting is primitive therefore volume of regional recycled products is about 0,9% versus 1,3% of republic ones. The most preferable method of waste processing is depositing. The following are the reasons for using this method:

• Low danger level of landfills – IV;
• It is the cheapest way for disposal of waste;
• Considerable experience in rational storing of waste and processing of waste at landfills;
• There are many suitable natural grounds with low natural filterability
• It can be used in any climate region which facilitates SDW regional management

In accordance with best practices of developed countries, in Kazakhstan, in EKO particularly, it is intended to careful presorting of waste, separate recycle resources and depositing useless waste at landfills.

Thus, the existing scheme of waste treatment in towns and large townships is the following: “collecting of waste – transportation – landfill (partial or selective sorting). It should be changed into more flexible and better scheme “careful and separate collecting of waste – transportation – sorting station (careful sorting) – landfill”.

Made calculations of efficiency estimation of waste transshipping station in Ust-Kamenogorsk shows that applying of waste transshipping method makes it possible to decrease operating costs by 13%, garbage disposal rate by 12%.

It is important to mention that the problem can be solved by applying up-to-date technologies as well as by education and informing of population and authorities responsible for ecology safety.