| V.Kh. Ibragimova |
THE EFFECT OF MEMBRANE ACTIVE CHANNEL-FORMING “INFANVIR” PREPARATION
ON PATHOGENIC INFECTIONS OF VEGETABLE PLANTS |
| Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan |
One of the main problem of ecological and soil science is to search preparations
protecting vegetable culture against pathogenic microorganisms. The current
protective agents cannot completely prevent spreading viral and fungal infections
of plants. The intent of this study was to find a biologically active preparation
against pathogenic microorganisms of vegetable cultures. The main purpose of
these investigations was in determination of more efficient antibiotics having
the less toxicity for human’s organism and high selectivity of action
on pathogenic plant microorganisms. The polyene antibiotics (amphotericin B,
nystatin, mycoheptin and levorin) are the main drugs used in human therapy against
systemic mycosis. Polyene action’s mechanism is based on the formation
in cell membranes ionic channels with the specific conductivity. A range of
experiments with one of polyene antibiotics has taken place in hothouse facilities
and open soils of vegetable farms located within the territory of the Apsheron
peninsula in Azerbaijan, where vegetable cultures such as cucumber, tomato,
eggplant and pepper are cultivated. “Infanvir”, the biologically
active preparation developed in the soil science faculty of Baku State University
(the preparation content is not disclosed due to the patent consideration) against
virus and fungal infections of vegetable cultures has been tested for the first
time. The “Infanvir” preparation has been developed on the basis
of membrane-active macrolide antibiotics. The mechanism of action of such compounds
is based on structural channels of molecular size generated by them in cell
membranes and which are selectively permeable for ions and organic compounds.
The investigations carried out in hothouse facilities as well as in open soils
have demonstrated high efficiency of the “Infanvir” preparation
with respect to pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment of plants and soil
itself affected by virus (Tobacco mosaic virus) and fungal infections by spraying
the affected areas subject to calculation 100 ml initial solution dissolved
in 10-100 liter water at 15-35°C has resulted in complete eradication of
virus and fungal infections. It has been shown that the used preparation can
completely prevent the growth of the Tobacco mosaic virus. It should be especially
noted that after treatment with the “Infanvir” preparation the infected
plants are not only cured but also regenerated in full. Moreover, the vegetable
plants treated with such preparation had 2 times more harvest than the reference
ones. It is supposed that antivirus and antifungal effect of the “Infanvir”
preparation is related to their interaction with lipid component of cytoplasmic
membranes, causing destruction of the membrane structure pathogenic microorganisms.
Polyene antibiotics are effective drugs at treatment of systemic fungal infections.
Although this drugs possesses valuable chemotherapeutic properties, their mechanism
of action remains largely unclear, especially on the molecular level. It was
discovered that “Infanvir” preparation induced a lipid-dependent
growth of the cell membrane conductivity. The effectiveness of the antibiotic
sharply rises at the increased antibiotic concentration. Polyene antibiotics
form in cell membranes pore permeable to ions and organic substances. The study
of molecular mechanism of cell membranes selective permeability is an actual
problem of membrane biology. The mechanism selectivity properties polyene channel
is an open. It’s supposed that these properties strongly depend on the
structure of polyene molecules. Polyene antibiotics channels are characterized
by on conducting state which have the conductance of about 0,3 pS-6,5 pS in
2M KCI. The membranes conductance strongly increased at low pH 3.0 if antibiotics
added to one side of the lipid membrane. One-sided effect of antibiotics is
the result the formation of half pores alone. The main information about the
function of polyene antibiotics in the membrane can be to get by the study of
properties single ionic channels in lipid membranes. It is supposed that the
properties of the single ionic channels strongly depend on the structure îf
polar chain of the lactone ring of polyene antibiotics. At present time there
is a theoretically possible to get a new and very promising approach to various
– virology, fungous and purulent infectious diseases therapy by been using
a membrane-active of polyene macrolide antibiotics with different molecule structures.
