EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Natural environment monitoring during geological exploration works is one of compulsory conditions of obtaining a licence for the right to use subsurface mineral resources in Russia. However, there are few books on methods of such monitoring.

In order to improve informational background we have elaborated technique of natural environment monitoring on licensed places allocated for oil and gas exploration. The technique has been successfully applied in Central Ural region.

The technique is based on general methods of biospheric monitoring with regard for peculiarities of geological exploration works. We have defined stages, types, objects and volumes of survey as well as lists of indices to be controlled on the basis of estimated environmental impact types analysis.

Oil and gas exploration technology includes two successive stages which are very different by their environmental impact. At the first stage one does geophysical study of the place (gravimetric and seismic survey). At the second stage well drilling and well test is carried out.

Technique of licensed place pollution monitoring consists of three stages. The first stage is the period before commencement of works on the licensed place during which background levels of required indices are measured. The second stage is the period of geophysical research operations. The third stage is the period of well drilling and testing including well abandonment and disturbed land reclamation (in case of discovery of non commercial oil and gas content).

See below the tabular sample programme of environmental monitoring on licensed place during oil and gas exploration works.

Works type	Object	Measurings per year	Indices	Stages*
				1	2	3
Air monitoring	Place	2	List 1	+	+	-
	Drilling sites			-	-	+
River network monitoring	Principal rivers on the place	4	List 2	+	+	-
	Rivers close to drilling sites			-	-	+
Ground water monitoring	Wells and spring water on the place (if available)			+	+	-
				-	-	+
	Observation wells (if available) on drilling sites
Soil monitoring	Place	1	List 3	+	+	-
	Drilling sites			-	-	+
Radiation monitoring	Place	1	**	+	-	-
	Waste pit	12		-	-	+
Drilling sludge testing	Waste pit	***	List 4	-	-	+

* Positive sign + and negative sign – indicate availability and absence correspondingly of the works type at a particular stage.

** Equivalent gamma radiation dose rate (EGRDR)

*** In case of identification of EGRDR anomalies List 1: NO2, NO, SO2, CO. List 2: colour, turbidity, odor, pH, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-,Ca,

Mg, Na, K, Si, amount of ions, oil products, phenol, surface-active substances, Hg, Mn,

Fe. List 3: oil products, phenols, surface-active substances, Hg, Mn, Fe, pH. List 4: efficient natural radionuclide specific activity

 

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