EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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To render safe diverse oiled waste, in particular oiled soils, arising when the accident-related spillages of oil or its products occur, is one of actual problems in the environment protection. The waste of that kind are extremely harmful for the environment, so they should not be utilized on the common landfills, but are liable to rendering safe on special industrial floors. There are following basic ways to render safe that waste: thermolysis, extraction, chemoprocessing, the same with preliminary oil extraction, bioprocessing, the same with preliminary oil extraction, spinning.

To estimate basic technologies of rendering safe in the plane «cost—quality» cluster analysis by single bond method was conducted using the application package STATISTICA. For efficiency estimating some features (parameters) were taken: capital spending, maintenance, environmental effect, time, regeneration of oil (oil products), recuperating the end product of rendering safe.

The results were presented as dendrograms with objects along the absciss axis and distance measures, for joining into clusters used, along the ordinate axis. The estimating of ways by selected features offered some difficulties by reason of the uncertainty and ambiguity inherent in the categories, so estimation values were selected both from literature data and hypothetically. Such estimating was conducted by each quality feature using 10-mark scale (1…10), thus, for instance, by the capital spending feature the thermolysis has the lowest mark in consequence of capital spending, considerable and one-time made, to buy and mount the reactor equipment. As burning the oil or its products in oiled slurries as a whole, by environmental efficiency this method was estimated with relatively high mark (9), but by oil (or its products) regeneration the mark was very low (1). Similarly were estimated other methods also.

Taking into account construction and technological features of processes in use, a comparison of diverse known ways to render safe displays: just chemoprocessing, namely absorbing oil or its products with the absorbent on the base of a natural inorganic material like limestone step-by-step transformed into the quicklime and slaked lime, is the most universal; the process efficiency can be increased, if at first to recuperate as many oil products as possible. A systematic analysis of the problem using functional decomposition strategy onto a rise of the process efficiency oriented allows staying at two basic aspects.

The first is in consideration a possibility to use the exothermic liming energy for preliminary heating the oiled soils. This is especially actual in winter, when the oil-polluted soil to render safe it delivered looks as large oiled earth lumps and road building machinery is employed to crumble the lumps up. Tentatively done calculation demonstrate: when designing the special equipment it is possible to use exothermic process heat more efficiently, while now it is lost irretrievably. Thermodynamic parameters of rendering safe the oiled slurry were obtained in the lab. To provide the experiment purity specimens of «oiled slurries» were prepared as sand—oil mixes (the sifted river sand, well washed and dried, was in use) in proportions 98 : 2, 96 : 4, 92 : 8, 90 : 10 percentage, mass. The lab rotor blender, designed especially, was used for blending the specimens (with water preadded) and quick lime. It was ascertained: the temperature depends on oil and quick lime contents, the scattering of temperatures being from 100 °C up to160 °C (maximum). The peak temperature have been obtained for the mix of oil with quick lime in proportion 10 : 40 percentage, mass.

At the same time in view of a need to provide high temperatures in the blender-reactor of the unit for particles sintering, the heat should be taken from the end product having been reacted. The second is in calculating hoppers of the unit for rendering safe the oiled soils, when properties of the latter are taken into account by the method having been developed already, as the fact is known: oil (or its products) in soils builds up their property to compact themself under stresses in them arising during storage, transportation, proportioning and discharge from hoppers.