EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Constant increase in amount of chemical reagents, metals and oil products used in various industries results in increase in technogenic wastes, including liquid and solid wastes with high levels of toxic substances. Thus, neutralization of these accumulated toxic substances is of great importance in the engineering protection of environment.

Development of physico-chemical basis of ecological and technological transformation of toxic pollutants of emissions and effluents is of great importance for the resource saving, circulating water supply systems as well as utilization of spent process liquors that contain residual reagents of a variety of industries.

Essentially new methods of waste neutralization have been developed by our research group, those are: neutralization of spent tanning baths with further recycling; cycling of regeneration solutions of water preparation in power engineering, pulp and paper industry resulting in a great decrease in chlorides discharge; removal of heavy metals from activated sludge and bed silts with further usage of the sludges in agriculture and landscape keeping. These questions are of current importance both in Russian and abroad enterprises.

The novelty of these technologies is in simultaneous arrangement of technological processes and regimes of discharge of wastes from the enterprise, environmental requirements, energo-chemical conversion of pollutants and economical feasibility of the usage of a power and material resources of internal or external streams.

For extensive wastewater purification, the usage of synergetic techniques is very promising, that is, photo-catalytic and catalytic methods induced by oxidants, flotation and cavitation. Energy and chemical transformation of pollutants allows decomposition of aggregative-stable water-oil emulsions that present in effluents after washing of details and wheel pairs in railway depots.

Advantages of polymer fibrous materials allowed development of low-temperature catalysts for neutralization of both industrial effluents and emissions from sulphurcontaining compounds and organic substances and also for recycling of exhaust technological solutions in manufacturing of paper, leather and viscose fibre. A series of knitted (woven) contact packings and elements were developed using same polymer fibrous materials for intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in column apparatus.

Methods of suspended solids removal from exhaust solutions in the leather industry have been developed by our research group. The developed methods do not effect the pH of treated water and include further energo-chemical destruction of organic substances which allows re-use of chromium tanning bath with no precipitation and pollution of water with chromium salts.

On the basis of investigation of physico-chemical processes of reverse accumulation of heavy metals by microorganisms, a technique of neutralization of pulps, sludges and bad silts have been developed. Generation of local concentration regions and acidity of medium of interphase boundary allows exchange of heavy metals of silts and sludges by calcium (magnesium) with further transfer of colloid or complex compounds of heavy metals to aqueous phase. The resultant solid phase can be further composted.

 

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