EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Environmental management is defined as the planned and systematic implementation of environmental strategies and targets set by state or by any organization. It comprises measures and instruments for environmental impacts reduction as well as to maintain conditioned equilibrium between environment and economics development. The scope of environmental management is to reach sustainable development that includes integration of environmental, social and economic concerns now and in the future under the capacity of the environment.

In the institutions of higher educations learning of environmental science involves wide spectrum of environmental lecture courses e.g. environmental chemistry, environmental technologies, environmental legislation, environmental ethics and others. They adduce knowledge in the separate environmental subject that could cause specialized conception of environmental science. Environmental management imbues the following functions

1. to consolidate all subjects of environmental science,
2. to inculcate environmental consciousness,
3. to teach unitary appreciation of environment that includes nature and two kind relations: between nature and man, and relations in society,
4. to consider the principles of environmental protection: the “polluter pays”, precautionary, prevention, and assessment principles,
5. to provide for economics transformation in accordance to the capacity of environment
6. to encourage development and introduction of best available technologies including environmentally friendly energy consumption.

In the learning of environmental management the emphasis is put on comprehension of soft and hard environmental management.

The soft environmental management (SEM) has a priority of economy and environmental protection is its subdivision. The SEM seeks to find a compromise between sustainable development of environmental protection and economy. It inevitably causes a gap of lawless actions in order to solve primarily economical problems that have precedence towards environment. Thereby the SEM causes weak environmental control and creates conditions for imminent environmental violation. The SEM does not cause conditions for economical transformation in accordance to the capacity of environment. The position of SEM turns off equilibrium between economics and environment into tendency of the last degradation that causes new environmental problems.

The hard environmental management (HEM) postulates a priority of environment but economics is a subdivision of the environment and has to be only developed under capability of ecosystems. The HEM is achievable strongly considering environmental legislation as well as to institute new procedures for comprehensive environmental control and their implementation in national and international levels. Environmental legal norms perform the frame for economical development. The HEM consolidates environmental protection and economics as an unitary system towards sustainable development considering all principles of environmental protection with the further economics transformation. The realization of the HEM sets strong observance of the precautionary principle that appears in the case of scientific uncertainty and indetermination of intended activity that could significantly and negatively affect the environment including human health. The problem is mainly focused on choice during decision making process – to refuse intended activity until scientific verification is obtained or intended activity has to be completely forbidden in spite of economical profitability. The HEM causes real attainment and maintenance of conditioned equilibrium stage between economics and environmental protection.

The above summary of environmental management functions and the conception of the HEM characterize environmental management as the core in the learning of environmental science and education of the new generation towards approaches to sustainable development.

 

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