EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Abstracts EURO-ECO 2010

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There is a high percentage of backlashes among inhabitants of industrial regions even if limits of compounds content in environment are not exceeded. This is the result of hostilities combination impact. Current burning issue is to establish connection between environmental aspects and people’s state of health. In this connection it is important to reveal health risk factors.

Objective of the research is to describe the air in areas with developed transport infrastructure from hygienic viewpoint.

It is known that ambient air is influenced significantly by soil pollution through secondary dust formation.

Motor transport is the source of diffuse pollution of residential and recreational areas. Besides, motor transport emissions are a complex mixture of toxic components which normally get accumulated in the atmosphere bottom layer and which are hardly subject to dissipation in the city zone.

Principal harmful admixtures in motor transport exhausts are as follows: carbon oxide, nitric oxides, carbohydrates, including carcinogenic 3,4-benzopyrene, aldehydes, sulfur oxides, ultramicroscopic soot particles. Furthermore, PM₁₀ particles escape into ambient air as a result of vehicle parts friction, especially friction with paving. As brake blocks get rubbed off, cooper, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, nickel and chromium escape into air and soil, while tire covers abrasion releases cadmium, lead, molybdenum, zinc and polycyclic carbohydrates. These substances possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. PM₁₀ forwards deep penetration of the above-listed substances into the organism. Moreover, PM₁₀ particles stay in the air for a long time and may carry on their surface pathogenic germs and micromycetes. Emissions accumulate themselves on the level of human respiratory apparatus. Heavy metals collect themselves densely along highways, 120 m away from the latter. If passability is no less than 10 000 vehicles per day and there are no buildings around, the radius of harmful impact is up to 400 m, in conditions of fair and windy weather– up to 1-2 km.

This research has revealed retardation of pollution-sensitive mushroom species in soils along motor ways. In areas with intense traffic flow and frequent traffic jams “anthropogenic” micromycetes complex emerges which is an indicator of ecological disaster. Some part of micromycetes are toxigenic.

Besides, in ambient air samples taken along motor ways with intense traffic flow PM₁₀ particles concentration makes up 0,40 mg/m³ which exceeds hygienic standard by 1,33 times and by 30 times the same index in public green space. In the samples there were detected cocci (25% of them have hemolytic properties) and micromycetes which have allergenic effect.

Thus, doing ecological assessment of the air in areas with developed transport infrastructure one should pay great attention to PM₁₀ particles concentration. They penetrate deeply into the organism because of their physical properties, contain heavy metals cations, may have pathogenic microorganisms on their surface and as a result may have negative effect on people’s health.