EURO-ECO 2010 Hanover 2 - 3 Dezember 2010	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Casual-chain analysis of the system “environment – human health” includes characteristics of morbidity rate, analysis of the factors, which impact morbidity, finding correlation between human morbidity and ecological factors.

Extreme climatic-environmental situation in the regions of the North creates specific living and labour conditions and is reflected at human health.

The Russian North – a circumpolar region with a rapidly developing economy. The development of the Russian North is focused upon the exploitation and use of natural resources. This economic activity proceeded without adequate understanding of the specific environmental impact and consequent protective response. In addition, no account was taken of the scientific foundations for the sustainable maximum levels environmental pollution within different ecosystems and climatic zones. It caused heavy pollution loads and ecosystems disruptions – “hot spots” of the Russian North. Northern cities – Monchegosrk, Archangelsk, Vorkuta, Noril’sk etc. are among them. There are about 100 such hot spots (Evseev, 2007). Economic development of the northern territories causes deterioration of natural ecosystems and accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants in ecosystems components, which have negative impact on human health reflected in high morbidity and mortality levels.

So, this research is presented the classification and assessment of anthropogenic impact and ecological risks in such “hot spots”. Special attention was given to the casual chain analysis oft he system „environment – human health“, in particular to the analysis of ecology-connected morbidity indicators. Research data is based on the results of our many years field works in the described regions. Investigations of chemical compositions of air, soil, vegetation and sediment have been carried out. Regional statistic medical data were also used. In our research (Evseev, Krasovskaya, 2009; Krasovskaya; 2008; Evseev, Dushkova, 2006 etc.) we presented an attempt to determine types of activities and sources causing hot spots forming in the Russian North.

Special concern causes morbidity rate in the regions directly connected with environmental pollution. This problem becomes critical in large industrial cities of the region – Monchegorsk, Norilsk, Vorkuta, and etc. regions with high medical-ecological risks. The population of these cities, especially children, is subjected to mass chronic diseases of bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer, bronchial asthma, allergy, for women complicated pregnancy is observed, and etc.

Extreme climatic-environmental situation of the North reflected at human health and caused also regional connected diseases: polar anaemia, meteorological neuroses, immunological unsufficiency, avitaminosis, erythrocytes unfavourable changes etc. All this explain heightened sensitiveness of urban northern population to environmental quality.

Physical-geographical conditions combined with heavy technogenic load are to blame for serious health problems in the city. Investigations of morbidity and environment pollution correlations showed their close connection: respiratory diseases (occupy the first place for children (up to 14 years) morbidity), vascular diseases, digestion diseases, cancer, traumas are marked, infectious diseases are relatively rare. It was revealed heightened death rate from cancer for workers of the processing factories. This is connected with emission of some carcinogenic and mutation chemical compounds during technological processes, containing phenols, dioxins, benz(a)pyren etc.

Maps of ecological tension and ecology-connected morbidity were compiled. They enable to compare these territories considering the factors of morbidity connected with adverse environmental impact. The negative trend of human health dynamics was found and territorial differences revealed. The results enable to define regions with high medical-ecological risks.

The investigation was made by project 08-05-00591-a “Analysis of impact of modern nature management structure pattern at the Russian North on the state of its nature capital ecological parameters” (2008-2010) supported by the Russian Foundation for basic research.

 

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