EURO-ECO 2009 Hanover 3 - 4 Dezember 2009	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Abstracts EURO-ECO 2009

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An open water quality of surface water bodies forms under the influence of 3 main factors:

1. inflow of wastes from point sources of pollution
2. inflow of wastes from nonpoint sources of pollution (areal, dispersed)
3. character, directionality and intensity of intra-reservoir processes.

It is known that water collecting area plays a key role in quality organization as long as quantity and quality of land, delayed and groundwater runoff depend exactly on landscape structural features, character and level of practical and another use of territories.

Water conservation zones set in some countries as the barrier, preventing the inflow of wastes in water body. Generally the width of water conservation zone sets up declaratively without serious rationale. However, as research shows the width of water conservation zone can vary dramatically even within water collecting area of one water body and depends on its landscape structural features of a territory, features of water body itself and character and intensity of practical use of basin and water collecting area.

All the sources of pollution essentially differ by scale, way and character of inflow of wastes in water body and also by specific group of wastes.

Point sources of pollution, being under control, make a local pollution effect. Quantity and intensity of water input, as usual are independent from season. Standardized documents for this group of sources should be developed (by production units and higher-priority wastes) including background value of wastes in nature components and local specifications of anthropogenic situation and environmental conditions.

Despite the existing control of point sources of pollution and well developed methodic of valuation of its impact on water quality, there are some unsolved problems as accidental discharge, effect of “small dose”, i.e. the concentration of wastes in nature components are below minimum allowable.

As for the management of water resources, nonpoint (dispersed) sources of pollution are of interest to its inability of exact account and control, and therefore it is rather complicated to forecast its influence on water bodies. Nonpoint sources of pollution usually have significant habitat of wastes. Quantity and intensity of pollution inflow highly depend on natural features and weather conditions of the territory. Calculation data doesn’t give a full valuation of ecological damage and negative influence on water quality. As a result, problems of standardization of wastes inflow for this group of sources of pollution are solved with great difficulty.

Increasing quantitative and qualitative deficit of open water in many countries of the world requires tightening of negative impact standardization on water bodies. In this connection we suggest a full complex of legal, organizational, bioengineered, agronomic, engineering geomorphologic and hydraulic engineering measures contributed to decrease negative influence of point and nonpoint pollution sources on open water and of its quality reservation.