EURO-ECO 2009 Hanover 3 - 4 Dezember 2009	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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V.S. Chekalin

Economic growth of the country in the big degree depends on a condition and a level of development of key economic spheres among which it is necessary to allocate energy. The considerable role in energy economy of Russia is played by systems of the centralized heat supply. Privatization and economy liberalization in the Russian Federation have generated relations between the economic subjects, distinct from existing in Soviet Union, and the system of the centralized heat supply and ways of formation of tariffs for heating energy, have got to us in the inheritance and we use them practically without changes.

Here it is necessary to pay attention and to an ecological component of this problem, after all if we “will save” today on environment preservation in the future for elimination of negative consequences we should spend much more means. Result of negative influence of use out-of-date energy technologies with low efficiency was increase of rates of environmental contamination: water, air, soil.

The industrial energy, including the centralized heat supply, brings the essential contribution to adverse influence of mankind on environment.

Comprehension by modern researchers of negative consequences of development of a technosphere concerns advantages of such approach and for the person which can accept even irreversible character. Even more often they are shown in heredity changes, mutations, constant overloads of its organism and mentality.

The considered sphere - a heat supply, certainly, should estimate the influence on environment, whenever possible minimize it (to introduce clearing technologies etc.) and to compensate scientifically well-founded actions. Very important direction for the decision of environmental problems is searches of ways of reception of alternative kinds of energy. In this case it is necessary to understand the kinds which are carrying out habitual functions as alternative kinds of energy (on heating), but making essentially smaller impact on environment. But, while there is a traditional centralized heat supply, it is necessary to use more effectively whenever possible it not only in economic targets, but also with a view of reduction of influence by environment.

Modern development of the mankind as a technocratic society, occurs far not by those principles as it occurred still any two hundred years ago. It, first of all, concerns developments of engineering decisions. Earlier the manufacturer at own risk, as agreed only with the buyer (consumer), developed and made an engineering design. Today at creation of new engineering decisions the modern designer is obliged to observe or consider the developed norms and rules. As also technological questions, such as observance of parameters of a heat supply, is regulated by the state standard documents.

Differently the state role in creation modern engineering systems and designs became in times above, than it was two hundred years ago. And in the engineering designs second at use the state role in a XIX-th century, was minimum, the buyer of the product received as a result of work of engineering systems, agreed with the seller practically without state participation, the state role was reduced exclusively to duties of the buyer and the seller to pay taxes. Today modern the states regulates in mutual relations between the buyer and the seller, especially much when business concerns natural monopolies, as in our case in heat supply sphere, the organizations. These are questions of pricing and tariffs setting, questions of timeliness of payments and questions of penal sanctions.

Having such big state influence on existence of modern systems of a heat supply in Russia, questions of increase of efficiency of this sphere cannot be only engineering. They in many respects become administrative, and a state role in this sphere, in particular in restriction of negative influence of systems of the centralized heat supply on environment, is very great.

One of the major state tools in management of economic spheres with naturally monopolistically position of enterprises in the market, is the state control of formation of the price for the goods and services (in our case heat energy) and the control of parameters of efficiency thanks to which state will be had by possibility to estimate efficiency of the enterprises of various patterns of ownership. It cannot be reached without the organization of the objective account of quantity and quality of the goods realized by them. Such control is a necessary condition for stimulation of increase of an overall performance of the enterprises occupying a monopoly position in the market (in our case it is heat energy sources, heat supply networks etc.). The current situation with the state control and management of system of pricing on heat energy supply, the control and management of efficiency of existing and under construction objects of a heat supply, the control and quality management and quantity of made and sold heat energy, causes of system perfection. Occurrence of economic and administrative stimulus (tools) to increase of efficiency of systems of the centralized heat supply and their respective reforming as engineering constructions should become the purpose of the state control and management of heat supply sphere.

Working out of theoretical, practical and organizational-economic bases for formation of the state tools of management in a heat supply, increase of efficiency of this sphere at the present stage is a subject of attention of a domestic economic science. The complex decision of problems of the market organizational-economic mechanism of management is complicated by sphere of the centralized heat supply in communication by absence methodological, methodical and a supply with information of state bodies at all hierarchical levels, therefore working out of such maintenance should become one of priorities of experts of sphere.

 

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