EURO-ECO 2009 Hanover 3 - 4 Dezember 2009	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Landfilling always was a traditional method of construction and demolition waste handling, but in connection with limitation of the areas of landfills, recycling gets more and more great value in management of this waste flow. Recycling of construction and demolition waste it is recommended as a priority direction in many plans on a waste management which are developed by local authorities in European Union countries. Factors of efficiency of active advancement of construction and demolition waste recycling are visually shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Comparing characteristic of construction and demolition waste handling methods

Handling method	Factors of economical efficiency	Factors of ecological efficiency	Weaknesses
Placing on special landfills		Safe placing of a waste.	Expenses on organizing specials landfill are required. Extraction of resources from economic circulation.
Using as isolating layer on household waste landfills	Expenses on organizing special landfills are not needed.	Efficient using of territory. Reduction of allocation of a filtrate from landfills.	Extraction of resources from economic circulation.
Recycling	Return of resources to economic circulation.	Rational use of territories. Reduction of pollution of soil, superficial and underground waters.	Expenses on organizing special plants are required.

And for regions of the Russian Federation a top priority today is the organization of the strengthened control over execution of the current legislation and formation of such situation in the market when export of construction and demolition waste on landfills becomes unprofitable not only ecologically, but also economically. For this purpose, first of all, it is necessary to establish economically well-founded tariffs for reception of construction and demolition waste for landfilling which consider all kinds of expenses: capital both the operational expenditure on organization and functioning of landfills, ecological payments, payments for the land, and also assumes certain profitability of work of landfills.

Having compared the economically well-founded tariff with really operating for today in regions of the Russian Federation, we see that economically well-founded tariff for landfilling of construction and demolition waste is a little above. According to the made calculation following scenarios of development of a situation in sphere of construction and demolition waste management (Table 2) are possible.

Table 2

Scenarios of development of situation in sphere of construction and demolition waste management

Characteristic Scenarios	Economical consequences	Ecological consequences
Preservation of tariffs for landfilling of construction and demolition waste at former level	Shortage of money for maintenance of due level of safety at construction and demolition waste landfills. Prevalence of landfilling over other methods of construction and demolition waste handling.	Irrational use of territories. Impossibility to provide due level of safety at construction and demolition waste landfills.
Slight increase of tariffs for landfilling of construction and demolition waste	Necessity of financing from the budget of a missing share of money for organization of effective construction and demolition waste management system.	Insignificant reduction of the areas occupied under construction and demolition waste landfills.
Increase of tariffs for landfilling of construction and demolition waste to economically well-founded level	Advancement of use of construction and demolition waste as secondary raw materials.	Considerable reduction of the areas occupied under at construction and demolition waste landfills. Maintenance of due level of safety at construction and demolition waste landfills.

Resources of many landfills which are calculated on reception and placing basically a household waste, are almost settled and consequently the organization of landfills for construction and demolition waste is necessary. Tariff for reception on them of waste is expedient for establishing at level of economically well-founded expenses considering all kinds. Together with the organization of the strengthened control over execution of the current legislation it will allow to generate such situation when ecologically and economic begins to develop recycling of construction and demolition waste and their use as secondary resources.

To organize more effective recycling of construction and demolition waste, it is expedient on the basis of the list of construction and special civil work and the building materials used at their realization, to spend classification of a waste formed at everyone stage. The given classification can be spent to several classification signs: to an origin, possibility and directions of use, danger degree.

1. The waste arising at construction of objects.
2. The waste arising at reconstruction and renovation of objects.
3. The waste arising at demolition of objects.

On the basis of resulted above classification it is possible to plan the scheme of collection and export from a building site of a waste by kinds of materials. However it is necessary to notice that formed at each stage of life cycle of object of the real estate a waste has the features both under the nomenclature, and by quantity. For example, in 1st group «the waste arising at construction of objects» it is expedient to organize industrial gathering and recycling building earth and wood if under building the large forest site is cleared away. Other kinds of a waste are formed, as a rule, in insignificant quantities; therefore the problem is reduced to their timely removal from a building site in specially intended places. In 2^nd and 3^rd groups a waste on the majority of kinds of materials is formed in quantity, sufficient for the organization of their industrial processing. Here the problem is reduced to the organization of their collection separately by kinds and delivery to the enterprises for processing.

1. The waste, which can be used as secondary raw materials without restrictions.
2. The waste, which can be used as secondary raw materials without some restrictions.
3. The waste, which using as secondary raw materials is forbidden.

Preliminary dismantle of separate elements before the pulling down beginning has the big importance for prevention of hit of dangerous substances on landfills. These substances should be delivered to the special enterprises for chemical processing.

The third kind of offered classification assumes division of construction and demolition waste in use directions:

1. The waste intended for placing on special landfills.
2. The waste intended for use as the isolating layer on household waste landfills.
3. The waste intended for processing with reception of secondary materials (recycling).
4. The waste intended for burning.

Each method of processing assumes certain preparation of a waste, including check methods on conformity to sanitary-and-epidemiologic norms, the radiating control etc. Carrying out of the offered classification will allow ordering procedure of preparation of a waste according to prospective methods of recycling

 

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