EURO-ECO 2009 Hanover 3 - 4 Dezember 2009	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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In the report some aspects of an estimation of a management efficiency of especially protected natural territories (EPNT) in East of Kazakhstan are considered. Thus EPNT is considered as a site of ground and/or the seas specially allocated for preservation and maintenance of a biological variety, both natural and associated cultural resources, and controlled on the basis of the legislation and other effective means (IUCN, 1994). EPNT, being a basis of steady development, are vital as for a nature, and well-being of mankind. V World Congress (2003 WPC), which was held in 2003 in Durban has offered new paradigm for EPNT and necessity of increase of efficiency of their financing and management.

In East Kazakhstan there are two EPNT: Katon-Karagaiskeyi National Park (KKNP) and Markakolskyi State Reserve (MSR). First is created in 1976, and second in 2001 common area more than 700 thousand hectares. The basic ecological systems: high-mountainous lake and rivers; mountain steppes, taiga and rivers. At present of development EPNT is sharp the necessity of definition of real economic value, cost of natural services and resources is felt. Absence of an estimation or underestimated cost of the natural boons results in erroneous understating of benefits from their preservation. Or an economic estimation of natural resources in EPNT the normative method and method of an indirect estimation based on a principle “readiness to pay”. Economic cost of flora and fauna was determined on the basis of the rates for calculation of the size of collecting behind damage caused by an illegal craft or destruction of objects of a biological resource. The following formula was used:

E = N*R_b, (1)

-E_b - economic estimation of a biological resource of the certain kind (for example economic cost of the certain kind of animals in cost term of money); N - quantity of units given resource in territory of reserve; R_b - size of the rate for damage to a biological resource.

Thus the size of compensation of harm (R_b - the size of the rate) for each biological resource was estimated in the minimal settlement parameter (MSP), equal 1274 Tenge for 2009, and the rate of dollar was accepted at a level 150 Tenge for 1$ US.

The economic estimation of woods is based on their economic importance. So the woods and landscapes of reserve cost in 10, and the woods of national parks, reserved zones - in 9 times are more expensive than woods, which protect fields and ground accepted for unit of estimated cost. Therefore formula (1) was corrected on factors equal K = 10 and to K= 9 for MSR and KKNP accordingly. Unfortunately, the given method of account of compensation of harm does not take into account loss and all complex biological resources. The profitable part of value EPNT was defined by results of tourist and recreational activity by a method of an indirect estimation, based on a principle “readiness to pay”. For definition of complete cost EPNT besides an estimation of biological resources and income of tourist activity we used a technique of estimation EPNT on the basis of cost parameters of its actives (production assets). The efficiency of the investments in development EPNT was designed according to new paradigm, that the management by it should be carried out by various types of organizations and their partners, and, hence, by various rates of expected benefit on these investments. For these purposes the various rates discount were used.

The results of numerical experiment have shown, that NPV_10years=45,684 mln.USD; IRR = 43, 75%; PI= 1, 75; factor of benefit /costs (B/C) – 1, 372.

Understanding discussion of such approach, we consider that above-stated it will be useful at a choice and substantiation of efficiency of the nature protection investment projects.