EURO-ECO 2009 Hanover 3 - 4 Dezember 2009	Environmental, Engineering - Economic and Legal Aspects for Sustainable Living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Abstracts EURO-ECO 2009

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The category «economic safety» has collective character; it includes both stability, and independence, and interests of separate citizens and the state as a whole. In our opinion, it is necessary to understand a stable condition of social and economic system of the country as economic safety, allowing to save its independence, supplying increase of a standard of living of the population and consecutive realization of the national-state interests at concrete historical stages of development. As in the conditions of globalization of the world economy self-sufficiency of the separate country has relative character in the given definition self-sufficiency is represented to us as effective control possibility over own resources, achievement of such level of competitiveness of economy which supplies the decision of all problems of functioning of company and the state. The stability category in the concept of economic safety has two parties: ability of company to support a condition of safety and ability not only to support, but also to improve safety conditions. The named parties of concept of economic safety act as criterion of public dynamics: whether there is a company in the conditions of constant level of safety or it is capable to improve these conditions, i.e. in a condition to provide and level the future threats, having changed ability to live conditions. The National-state interests are the synthetic category which is not coinciding with relatives to it by concepts of national, state, public interests. The National-state interests can be defined as set of the vital general interests of all ethnic and social groups of company.

Standard of living of the population closely related with macroeconomic indicators. Among such indicators the special place belongs to a gross internal product (gross national product). Gross national product per capita in the Russian Federation exceeds global indicator a little, but is still very far from indicators of the developed states. The per capita income in Russia in 2008 has made 25,9% from level of the USA, 36,8% from level of Germany, 33,3% from level of Sweden. The volume of a gross internal product per capita in the Russian Federation from an average on the developed countries OESR makes 37% at threshold significance of 50% that allows to draw a conclusion on a finding of economy of Russia on the given parameter in a zone of threats.

The analysis of a condition of social sphere from the point of view of requests of economic safety should lean against the minimum social standards which are in threshold parameters of economic safety, allowing to evaluate degree of a deviation of a real social and economic situation in this or that territory from threshold significances. To leave on level corresponding to the world standards, this size of minimum wages should be increased almost five times.

The average pension for years of reforms did not allow pensioners to leave on the minimum level of consumption calculated for all population, and absolutely slightly exceeded the cost of living of the pensioner supplying a simple physical survival. Here the thought over policy of the state subsidizing in which frameworks the minimum pension would be supplied not below the cost of living established for given group of the population is extremely necessary, in our opinion.

In Russia poverty level is defined on the basis of the budget of a cost of living. Use of the budget of a cost of living as minimum social warranties to workers has been justified only by a crisis state of the Russian economy. In economy stabilization it is necessary to increase border of social warranties to a consumer budget more a high level – a minimum consumer budget. The minimum consumer budget reflects the bottom border of such standard of consumption which let on a minimum level, but supplies reproduction of a labor of the worker.

The certain measure of redistribution and alignment of incomes, creation of social warranties and equal starting conditions is absolutely necessary condition of economic development of modern economic system. Redistribution of incomes of the population through a public finance makes economic base of social policy of the state. Withdrawn by the state at the population the part of incomes comes back to it in the form of monetary payments under social programs.

Taxes and tax policy are objectively included in system of economic safety. Today the economic benefit received from economic growth by various groups of the population extremely unequivalent. The similar state of affairs in many respects speaks uncontrollable formation of distributive mechanisms and institutes of the Russian company. Function of alignment of incomes of the population through taxes in our country practically is not realized yet.

World experience testifies that the important tool of state regulation of a standard of living, that is assistance to reduction of number needy and to “middle class” development, is use of “a scale of the progressive taxation». A prime measure is cancellation as alignment of incomes of the population not answering to a principle and world practice of uniform 13% of the profitable tax about physical persons and introduction of an ascending scale of its collection. Besides, tax introduction will make the general positive impact on a social climate in the country.

Significant potential has tax. On the one hand, tax preference represents indirect financing of social support of the needy population at which money resources in the sums proportional to incomes of the named category of citizens remain at their order. On the other hand, the mechanism of tax concessions redistributes an incidence of taxation on those levels of population which are is better adapted for market economy conditions. The mechanism of tax concessions should be extended, first of all.

Some types of income are expedient for releasing of tax payment in general. Such incomes are the sums received by tax bearers in the form of grants; the sums received by tax bearers in the form of the international or Russian awards and so forth Except the graduated taxation of incomes of the richest citizens and tax concessions for needy, to softening of an economic inequality promote also taxes to property and the inheritance. The establishment of the differentiated tax rates on the real estate and expensive means of transport of physical persons on an ascending scale with clearing of the tax to property within social norms of consumption is necessary.

Thus, the decision of a problem of maintenance of economic safety in modern Russia is obviously possible thanks to integrated submission of a problem from an item of life-support of the person and economic safety of the state by means of working out and consecutive realization of the whole complex of the actions directed, first of all, on increase of level and quality of a life most of various strata of society.