| V.T. Taysaeva |
ENERGY-EFFICIENT CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES WITH INDEPENDENT
LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEMS |
| «Center of Solar Power» Ltd., Ulan-Ude,
Russia |
The results of development of the technologies of independent life-support
systems applied in houses and agricultural buildings – greenhouses,
farms and personal subsidiary plots in Baikal region, which is one of Russian
areas with high solar radiation, severe climate (till 7000 degree-days of
the heating period) and very high requirements to environment ecology, have
shown their high energy efficiency because of:
- in Ecohouse:
- details of construction: (metal-framed with various kinds of wall filling:
straw blocks, geocar, lightweight concrete). Walls (0,77 M thick) have
resistance to a heat transfer 4.8 M2ºC/Wt. The total area
of the house is 146 M2.
- engineering systems:
- canalization – with flush cleaning system (“Matryoshka”)
and portable toilet cubicles without flush-cleaning system, with
system of clearing of kitchen drains («Stok-1»);
- heat supply – use of solar collectors with the water-air heat-carrier,
the thermal pump with systems of accumulation of thermal energy as well
as of fireplace thermal energy (developed by Azhichakov);
- ventilation – mechanical through a glass heat exchanger –
lantern in a loft;
- electrosupply – gas generator (on natural gas and biogas); combined
with solar photomodules and termo-EMF placed in a chamber of a fireplace;
combined with solar silicon panels and wind power generator. The replacement
rate of organic fuel by active and passive solar systems will be 66%.
- in a solar greenhouse:
- combination of saving units and thermal accumulators. – optimised
geometry of greenhouse elements to get maximum of solar energy
- seasonal accumulation of superfluous heat in saving units
- • in a farm – greenhouse for personal subsidiary plots:
- combination of a farm (51,7 M2) and a greenhouse (64 M2)
to reduce heat loss;
- heating – air on the basis of solar collectors and a mechanical
ventilation through a recuperator - a three-layer glass heat exchanger;
- additional bioheating of the floor with a compost store which
allows to raise a temperature of ºprotected ground up to 50C.
Implementation of these projects lets find the most rational exploitation
modes of ecohouses, greenhouses and farms and wide designing and building
of such objects will contribute to ecologically clean production and improvement
of environment.
