EURO-ECO 2008 Hanover 18 - 20 November 2008	Environmental and Engineering Aspects for sustainable living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover University of Bremen, Bremen

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Abstracts EURO-ECO 2008

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Stabilization and improvement of ecological situation in Russia is to a great extent connected with the formation of a system of ecological monitoring. Its main objectives are providing information and supporting the procedures of decision making in the field of nature protecting activities and ecological security.

There are a number of departmental systems of monitoring in Russia:

1. Rosleshos monitoring service of forestry fund;
2. Monitoring service of water resources;
3. Rosgidromet service observing environmental pollution;
4. Roscomzem service of agrochemical monitoring ;
5. Gossanepidemic sanitary and hygienic control of environment and man’s health.
6. Goscomecology control inspection service, etc.

The above mentioned monitoring services aim at studying and estimating the condition of the components of environment and natural resources. Each of these systems has its own program of functioning.

Ecological monitoring provides regular evaluation of ecological conditions of environment of man and biological objects (plants, animals, etc.), functioning of ecosystems and provides conditions for determining correcting actions.

The system of monitoring includes the following procedures:

1. Defining an object of investigation;
2. Examination of the object;
3. Forming an information model for the object of investigation;
4. Making a plan of measurements;
5. Forecasting changes in the state of the object of study; 6.nSupplying information in a suitable form for the use of customers. Ecological monitoring of environment can be worked out on the level of an industrial enterprise, a city, a region, a territory or a republic of the Federation.

The character and mechanisms of summarizing information concerning ecological situation are defined with the help of information portrait of an ecological situation. This portrait is a sum of graphic presentations of data characterizing ecological situation on a given territory together with the map of the territory. The permitting capacity of the information portrait depends on the scale of the map. Thus on a local level of ecological monitoring an information portrait should include all sources of emission (discharge of sewage, ventilation chimneys of industrial enterprises, etc.) On a regional level closely situated sources make one source. In the areas of influence of the sources of emission a systematic control of the following objects and parameters of the environment is organized:

1. Atmosphere: chemical and radionuclear staff of air; hard and soft precipitation.
2. Hydrosphere: chemical and radionuclear staff of surface of water.
3. Soil: chemical and radionuclear staff of soil.
4. Biota: chemical and radioactive pollution of agricultural area, domastic and wild animals, birds, insects, plants.
5. Urban areas: chemical background of air of polluted area.
6. Population: demographic characteristic: density of population, diseases.

The long-term trends of the development of ecological monitoring are creation of a system of automatic monitoring and formation of a state system of ecological monitoring. The first automatic systems of control over the environment were created in military and space programs in 1950-s. Nowadays the process of miniaturization of electronic schemes has approached molecular level, which makes it possible to create fully automatic, possessing complete software, complex versatile and at the same time compact fully autonomous systems of control over the quality of the environment.