EURO-ECO 2007 Hanover 4 - 5 December 2007	Environmental and Engineering Aspects for sustainable living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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In developed countries the attempts to low down negative impact of exhaust fumes on the human body have been made for a long time and are carried out in different directions. In the first time the attention to he exhausts were paid at studying the chemistry of atmospheric processes (1960-s USA, Los-Angeles, A.J. Haagen-Srait), when was shown that photochemical reactions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide are capable of deriving numerous secondary pollutants, which irritate mucous membrane of eye, breath organs and deteriorate vision. Due to the fact that the main contribution to the general contamination of the atmospheric air is made by exhaust fume of the combustor, the latter were recognized as the cause of photochemical smog, and the society was confronted with the problem of the legal limitation of hazardous auto emissions.

The regulation of exhaust fumes is one of the main measured on reducing toxicity from emissions, the constant growth of which renders a threat to the health of the population in large cities. In this connection in the end of 1950-s the development of standards on motor emission was started in California as a part of the legislation of the state dealing with quality of the air. The purpose of this work was to set up “maximal admissible norms of toxic concentrations for auto emissions correlated with the health of the population, prevention of irritation to the organs of perception, deterioration of vision and damage to plants”.

The development of the first standard on toxicity of auto emissions in Japan goes back to 1966. At first the standard on concentration of nitrogen dioxide in exhaust fumes of cars – 5%, in 1969 this level was minimized to 2,5%. In 1972 the Environment Protection Agency in Japan established as in the USA the standards on quality of the atmospheric air for sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and particular matter (hydrocarbons), complemented later with the standards for lead and nitrogen dioxides. Since then regulation of toxic substances in exhaust fumes is subject of state control. In Europe regulation of exhaust fumes was developed under influence of car makers industry in France and Germany. In 1971 UNO European Economic Committee adopted the regulation levels, which as in USA and Japan are regularly amended.

It is worth to note that the conditions and order of car approbations in different countries are regulated by definite technical standards and vary with regard to the use of different measurement equipment. But there are empty spaces in American as well as Russian legislative regulation of norms of toxic automobile emissions. There are still no norms on certain carcinogenic hydrocarbons.

To solve the problems of environmental protection on Earth in general only by adopting of regulative acts in certain countries is impossible. Therefore by joint efforts on the international level various ecological programmes, convention and agreements are concluded. As for the problem of reducing the damage from automobile transportation is concerned, „The Ecological Programme for Europe“ can be regarded as the basic document adopted in Sofia in 1995 stating that the complex of joint measures aimed at improvement of ecology in Europe produced positive results but the growth of automobile and air carriers brings down them to zero.