EURO-ECO 2007 Hanover 4 - 5 December 2007	Environmental and Engineering Aspects for sustainable living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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Oil and gas production influences all components of surface hydrosphere’s taiga ecosystem – surface, ground and underground waters. One may distinguish two basic forms of influence – mechanical and biochemical. The former is expressed as physical transformation of landforms, determining characteristics of the territory’s water balance consumed part: water run-off, evaporation and filtration. The latter is expressed as chemical and bacterial pollution. Many researchers suppose that oil pollution of environment is the most unfavorable ecological factor accompanying oilfields development. At the same time ingress of petroleum products into rivers involves the most significant and large-scale consequences. The Ob river basin comprises the greater part of the Tyumen region into a single landscape-geochemical system. The risk of oil pollution carrying-out from formation source into the Ob river stream canal (through the water-collecting areas of small rivers) and its further migration determine gas extraction effects transfer from the regional level to the global one. The study of oil pollution formation factors of the rivers in the Tyumen region oil-fields indicated that there were two main causes of oil ingress into surface watercourses:

- oil wash-out by a surface flow of oil spills situated within the river water-collecting areas. The most intensive wash-out occur in a flood time when the wash-out is formed at all geomorphological levels - placors, slopes, terraces and flood-lands;

- the river waters immediate pollution at damages of field oil-pipelines in floodplain and stream canal’s intersection points.

Monitoring observations of the surface waters chemical composition conducted in several oil-fields proved that petroleum products concentration in the river waters made up to 0.02-0.36 mg/l (See Table 1).

Table 1 Average annual content of oil products in the river waters

Oilfield Name	n	Average	Min	Max	Std. Dev.
Maiskoye	14	0,23	0,06	0,36	0,10
Peschanoye	60	0,08	0,02	0,25	0,08
Mamontovskoye	153	0,12	0,04	0,28	0,06
Pravdinskoye	232	0,12	0,02	0,30	0,06