EURO-ECO 2007 Hanover 4 - 5 December 2007	Environmental and Engineering Aspects for sustainable living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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Abstracts EURO-ECO 2007

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An institute for distribution of authorities serves as a manifestation and guaranty of democracy. The essential attribute of compound societies is vertical distribution of power between the federal centre and the subjects of federation. In case of federation there are great varieties of schemes and concrete configurations of distributing competencies between the centre and the subjects of federation. These varieties reflect a significant impact of a number of factors: historical peculiarities of the country development, political regime, the property institute, the force of the ethnical compound (and the corresponding “sovereignty” claims), the level of development of the party system etc.

In post-soviet Russia in 1990s the formation process of real federalism had borne a very intensive, sometimes dramatical character. The country was on the verge of breaking.

However by the end of 1990s the situation in the country drastically changed. The distribution of competencies between the federation and its subjects became more justified, comprehensive and stabile. In the field of environmental protection it is as follows.

The competencies of the state authorities of the Russian Federation in this field are:

1. Provision of conducting the federal policy in the field of ecological development of the Russian Federation;

2. Development and issuing of federal laws and other normative legislation acts in the field of environmental protection and control over its realisation;

3. Development, adoption and ensuring of implementation of federal programs in the field of ecological development of the Russian Federation;

4. Declaration and endorsement of a legal status and zones of ecological calamity in the territory of the Russian Federation;

5. Coordination and realisation of measures on protecting the environment in zones of ecological calamity and other.

The competencies of the bodies of the state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of relations dealing with the protection of the environment are:

1. Participation in realisation of the federal policy in the field of ecological development of the Russian federation in the territory of the subject of the Russian federation;

2. Adoption of laws and other normative legal acts of the subjects of the Russian federation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the federal legislation as well as exercising control over their performance;

3. The right of accepting and realisation of regional programs in the field of environmental protection;

4. Sanctioning the register of executives of the bodies of the state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation performing the state ecological control;

5. Adoption of norms of quality of the environment complying with the corresponding requirements and norms adopted on the federal level.

In conjunction with the RF Constitution and federal laws between federal bodies of the executive power and the bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian federation agreements might be concluded on transmitting performance of certain competencies in the field of environmental protection.