EURO-ECO 2006 Hanover 1 - 2 December 2006	Environmental and Engineering Aspects for sustainable living
	European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hanover European Scientific Society, Hanover Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow

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Measurement is one of the major ways mans’ new knowledge of nature. It gives the quantitative characteristic of the world, opening laws of nature for a man. Measurements serve not only as a basis of scientific and technical knowledge, but have paramount value for all kinds of activity of a man, first of all for the organization of rational wildlife management.

Metrology as «the doctrine about measures» includes such fundamental actively developing section as «ecological metrology».

The ecological metrology is a science about measurements in ecology and wildlife management. Its theoretical base is the ecology and fundamental metrology.

Ecological metrology leaves for frameworks of the common metrology on the following circumstances. In ecological practice some of physical sizes (time, weight, length, energy etc.), on problems of unity and which accuracy concentrate the basic attention experts

- metrologiests, also are subject to measurement. But for experts in ecological systems and for people who use natural recourses in ecological measurements are interested with the parameters of an environment classified to the basic attributes socio-ecological-economical systems. These parameters under the contents cannot be named physical. The general metrology practically is not engaged in a technique of their measurements, and consequently there was a necessity of development of special measurements which results characterizing natural conditions and nature-anthropogenous infringements in ecological systems.

Feature of ecological metrology is that in it the term “measurement” is treated in emergent sense (presence at the system whole the special properties not inherent in its subsystems and blocks, and also the sum of the elements which have been not incorporated system made connections) as in practice it is not enough to measure only physical sizes. The emergent principle deprives with sense the branch, unicomponent approach to the natural phenomena.

Now four emergent levels of nature-anthropogenous infringements are allocated: norm, risk, crisis and disaster. As a basis of allocation of these levels it is necessary to establish the degree of infringements of ecology systems on depth and irreversibility, i.e. under real morphological factors having physical expression.

The subject of ecological metrology is the complex control of an ecological condition of territory, and a choice of the most informative criteria of an estimation of ecology system condition and their biotical, medical, demographic and ecology-hygienic components, at strict observance of requirements of fundamental (scientific) metrology.

In ecological metrology together with development of fundamental and practical components took place the becoming of legislative ecological metrology (which legal bases now are only being formed).

The legislative ecological metrology is the section of the metrology including complexes of interconnected and mutually conditioned general rules, and also other questions requiring for a regulation and the control from the part of the state, the unities of measurements directed on maintenance and uniformity of means of measurements of an ecological condition in natural and anthropogenous systems.

Metrological rules and norms of legislative metrology are developed according to recommendations and documents of the international organizations. Thus the legislative metrology promotes development of the international communications and mutual understanding in the international metrological cooperation with definition of global problems of steady development in planetary scale.